Monitoring TPH biodegradation in soil around Ray oil refinery by natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc.Student, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

In this study, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) decontaminating mechanisms for soils around the Rey refinery complex (South of Tehran, Iran) was investigated. Natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation (separately and in combination) methods were evaluated TPHs and soil microbial respiration in 210 days, using laboratory treatments The modified methods were applied through 13 different treatments, including improving the environmental conditions for native bacteria (natural attenuation for treatments 1-8), adding non-native bacterial complex (bioaugmentation for treatment 9) and intensifying and stimulating growth while adding non-native bacterial complex (biostimulation-bioaugmentation for treatments 10-13). Although, overall of the treatments, a significant decreasing TPHs concentration were observed over the time, biostimulation-bioaugmentation treatments had the highest amount of TPHs decomposition, the highest rate of bio-respiration, the lowest half-life times (t1/2), and the highest remediation efficiency and biodegradation constants rate. Among natural attenuation treatments, modifiers with manure and sawdust had the greatest effect on reducing the TPHs concentration and the highest rate of bio-respiration. The first-order kinetic model was fitted to the data related to biodegradation in a satisfactory manner. The results showed that there was a strong and positive linear correlation between decreasing TPHs concentration and microbial respiration in all modifiers. Although for the bacterial treatments and at the early stages of inoculation, the rate of total respiration was low, but as the time passed and with adaptation of the effective inoculated bacteria to contaminated soil, the respiration rate gradually was increased. Due to its low cost and low environmental risk, the proposed bioremediation technique for oil contaminated soil can be recommended to the region.

Keywords


Abed, R. M., Al-Sabahi, J., Al-Maqrashi, F., Al-Habsi, A., & Al-Hinai, M. (2014). Characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated sediments in the Sultanate of Oman and evaluation of bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches in microcosm experiments. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 89, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.01.006
Agarry, S. E., Aremu, M. O., Aworanti, O. A. 2013. Biodegradation of 2, 6-dichlorophenol wastewater in soilcolumn reactor in the presence of pineapple peels-derived activated carbon, palm kernel oil and inorganic fertilizer. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(6), 537.
Agarry, S. E., Oghenejoboh, K. M., & Solomon, B. O. (2015). Kinetic modelling and half-life study of adsorptive bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with bonny light crude oil. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 16(3), 1-13.
Anderson, J.P.E. (1982). Soil respiration. In: A.L., Page, R.H., Miller, & D.R., Keeney, (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis. (Part 2, pp 831–871). Wisconsin:  Soil Science Society of America.
Aronson, D., Boethling, R., Howard, P., & Stiteler, W. (2006). Estimating biodegradation half-lives for use in chemical screening. Chemosphere, 63(11), 1953-1960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.044
Dimitrov, S., Pavlov, T., Nedelcheva, D., Reuschenbach, P., Silvani, M., Bias, R., Comber, M., Low, L., Lee, C., Parkerton, T., & Mekenyan, O. (2007). A kinetic model for predicting biodegradation. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 18(5-6), 443-457.
Doustaky, M, Ebrahimi, S, Movahedi Naeini, S.A.R., & Olamaei, M. (2013). Optimization of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation by indigenous and non-indigenous microorganisms. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20(4),165-181.
Ebrahimi, S., Shayegan, J., Malakouti, M., & Akbari, A. (2011). Environmental Evaluation and Assessment of Some Important Factors of Oil Contamination in Soil around Sarkhoun Gas Refinery of Bandar Abbas. Journal of Environmental Studies, 37 (57), 9-26.
Fallah, M., Ebrahimi, S., & Shabanpour, M. (2013). Hydrocarbon pollution emission in the pilot and pulse condition in saturated porous media of soil. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20(3), 227-240.
Fallah, M., Shabanpor, M., Zakerinia, M., & Ebrahimi, S. (2015). Risk assessment of gas oil and kerosene contamination on some properties of silty clay soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(7), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4633-0
Heshmati, G., & Ebrahimi, S. (2018). Evaluation of Petroleum-Degrading Bacteria in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum (Case study: Soils surrounding Tehran Oil Refinery). Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 5(11), 131-144.
Hutchinson, S. L., Banks, M. K., & Schwab, A. P. (2001). Phytoremediation of aged petroleum sludge: effect of inorganic fertilizer. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30(2), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.2134/ jeq2001.302395x
John, R. C., Itah, A. Y., Essien, J. P., & Ikpe, D. I. (2011). Fate of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crude oil contaminated wetland ultisol. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 87(3), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0320-1
Karimpoor, R., Ebrahimi, S., Malekzadeh, E., & Hassanpour-bourkheili, S. (2022). Bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in oil sludge-polluted soil using active carbon remediator. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 7649–7660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03964-9
Kauppi, S., Sinkkonen, A., & Romantschuk, M. (2011). Enhancing bioremediation of diesel-fuel-contaminated soil in a boreal climate: comparison of biostimulation and bioaugmentation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(2), 359-368. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.10.011
Khosravinodeh, M., Abbaspour, A., Ebrahimi, S.S., & Asghari, H.R. (2013). Phytoremediation of a fuel oil-contaminated soil using alfalfa and grass with pseudomonas putida bacterium. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20, 219-234.
Liao, C., Xu, W., Lu, G., Deng, F., Liang, X., Guo, C., & Dang, Z. (2016). Biosurfactant-enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated by crude oil using maize (Zea mays L.). Ecological Engineering, 92, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.03.041.
Liu, P. W. G., Chang, T. C., Whang, L. M., Kao, C. H., Pan, P. T., & Cheng, S. S. (2011). Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil: effects of strategies and microbial community shift. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(8), 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011. 09.002
Mair, J., Schinner, F., & Margesin, R. (2013). A feasibility study on the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from an Alpine former military site: effects of temperature and biostimulation. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 96, 122-128.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.07.006.
Megharaj, M., Ramakrishnan, B., Venkateswarlu, K., Sethunathan, N., & Naidu, R. (2011). Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: a critical perspective. Environment International, 37(8), 1362-1375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.06.003
Mojarad, M., Alemzadeh, A., Ghoreishi, G., & Javaheri, M. (2016). Kerosene biodegradation ability and characterization of bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soil and water. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(4), 4323-4329. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jece.2016.09.035.
Moreira, I. T., Oliveira, O. M., Triguis, J. A., dos Santos, A. M., Queiroz, A. F., Martins, C. M., Silva, C. S., & Jesus, R. S. (2011). Phytoremediation using Rizophora mangle L. in mangrove sediments contaminated by persistent total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH's). Microchemical Journal, 99(2), 376-382. doi:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.06.011
Mukherjee, S., Bardolui, N. K., Karim, S., Patnaik, V. V., Nandy, R. K., & Bag, P. K. (2010). Isolation and characterization of a monoaromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa from crude oil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 45, 1048–1053. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10934529.2010.486328
Nicodem, D. E., Fernandes, M. C., Guedes, C. L. B., & Correa, R.     J. (1997). Photochemical processes and the environmental impact of petroleum spills. Biogeochemistry, 39, 121–138. https://doi.org/ 10.1023/A:1005802027380
Oliveira, F. J. S., da Rocha Calixto, R. O., Felippe, C. E. C., & de Franca, F. P. (2013). Waste management and contaminated site remediation practices after oil spill: a case study. Waste Management & Research, 31(12), 1190-1194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x13507309
Olsen, S. R., & Sommer, L. E. (1982). Phosphorus. In A. L. Page, R. H. Miller, & D. R. Keeney (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. (vol. 9, Part II, pp. 403–430). Wisconsin:  Soil Science Society of America.
Poi, G., Aburto-Medina, A., Mok, P. C., Ball, A. S., & Shahsavari, E. (2017). Large scale bioaugmentation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons using a mixed microbial consortium. Ecological Engineering, 102, 64-71.  https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2017.01.048
Polyak, Y. M., Bakina, L. G., Chugunova, M. V., Mayachkina, N. V., Gerasimov, A. O., & Bure, V. M. (2018). Effect of remediation strategies on biological activity of oil-contaminated soil-A field study. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 126, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.10.004
Ramadass, K., Megharaj, M., Venkateswarlu, K., & Naidu, R. (2015). Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: earthworm survival and soil health. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 85, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.026
Ruberto, L., Vazquez, S. C., & Mac Cormack, W. P. (2003). Effectiveness of the natural bacterial flora, biostimulation and bioaugmentation on the bioremediation of a hydrocarbon contaminated Antarctic soil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 52(2), 115-125. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0964-8305(03)00048-9
Ruffini Castiglione, M., Giorgetti, L., Becarelli, S., Siracusa, G., Lorenzi, R., & Di Gregorio, S. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: bioaugmentation of autochthonous bacteria and toxicological assessment of the bioremediation process by means of Vicia faba L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(8), 7930-7941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6049-y
Sayara, T., Borràs, E., Caminal, G., Sarrà, M., & Sánchez, A. (2011). Bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil through composting: Influence of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on contaminant biodegradation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(6), 859-865. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.05.006
Shahi, A., Aydin, S., Ince, B., & Ince, O. (2016). Evaluation of microbial population and functional genes during the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil as an effective monitoring approach. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 125, 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.029
Sinkkonen, S., & Paasivirta, J. (2000). Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling. Chemosphere, 40(9-11), 943-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00337-9
Tang, J., Lu, X., Sun, Q., & Zhu, W. (2012). Aging effect of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil under different attenuation conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 149, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.agee.2011.12.020
Tazangi, M. H., Ebrahimi, S., Nasrabadi, R. G., & Naeeni, S. A. M. (2020). Kinetic monitoring of bioremediators for biodegradation of gasoil-polluted soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 231, 418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04794-6
Thapa, B., Kc, A. K., & Ghimire, A. (2012). A review on bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 164-170.
Tyagi, M., Da, F. M., & de Carvalho, C. C. (2011). Bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies to improve the effectiveness of bioremediation processes. Biodegradation, 22(2), 231-241. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10532-010-9394-4
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29–38.
Wu, M., Dick, W. A., Li, W., Wang, X., Yang, Q., Wang, T., Xu, L., Zhang, M. & Chen, L. (2016). Bioaugmentation and biostimulation of hydrocarbon degradation and the microbial community in a petroleum-contaminated soil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 107, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.11.019
Wu, M., Wu, J., Zhang, X., & Ye, X. (2019). Effect of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on hydrocarbon degradation and microbial community composition in petroleum-contaminated loessal soil. Chemosphere, 237, 124456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2019.124456.
Xu, Y., & Lu, M. (2010). Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil: comparison of different biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183(1-3), 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.038
Yaman, C. (2020). Performance and kinetics of bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and natural attenuation processes for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils. Processes, 8(8), 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080883.
Yang, Q., Wu, M. L., Nie, M. Q., Wang, T. T., & Zhang, M. H. (2015). Effects and Biological Response on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil. Huanjing Kexue, 36(5), 1856-1863.
Yeung, P. Y., Johnson, R. L., & Xu, J. G. (1997). Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil as affected by heating and forced aeration. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26(6), 1511–1516. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600060009x
Zahed, M. A., Aziz, H. A., Isa, M. H., Mohajeri, L., Mohajeri, S., & Kutty, S. R. M. (2011). Kinetic modeling and half life study on bioremediation of crude oil dispersed by Corexit 9500. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(2-3), 1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.009

تحت نظارت وف ایرانی